Inkende yitwa Ham ikomoka mu gihugu cya Cameroun ni yo yabimburiye izindi mu kugenda mu cyogajuru kitwa Mercury-Redstone 2. Aha hari ku itariki 31 Mutarama 1961, iyi nkende ikaba yari yonyine mu cyugajuru. Kuri iyi tariki kandi Cuba yakuwe mu muryango wa Leta zo muri Amerika (1962) naho Ubwongereza buva mu muryango w’Ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (2020).
Ibyaranze itariki ya 31 Mutarama mu buryo burambuye ni ibi bikurikira:
314: Sylvestre wa I yabaye Papa wa 33.
1713: Ni bwo umufaransa Denis Diderot yapfuye. Uyu yari umuhanga mu mitekerereze wanditse inkoranyamagambo y’Igifaransa “Encylopédie” afatanije na Jean Le Rond d’Alambert. Diderot yaranzwe no guhakana ko Imana itabaho.
1793: Intara ya Nice yometswe ku Bufaransa.
1891: Habaye imyigaragambyo ikozwe n’igisirikare cya Portugal, gisaba ko iki gihugu kiva ku butegetsi bwa cyami kikaba Repubulika. Igipolisi cya Portugal kitari kiyomoye ku bwami ni cyo cyahosheje iyi myigaragambyo yaguyemo abagera kuri 12 naho 40 bakahakomerekera. Nyuma yayo abantu basaga 250 bayiteje baciriwe imanza, bahabwa igihano cyo kujyanwa muri Afurika kiri hagati y’amezi 18 n’imyaka 15.
1946: Hashyizweho itegeko nshinga rya Yougoslavia (iki gihugu kikaba kigizwe na za leta 6).
1949: Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zemeye Leta ya Isiraheli, yari yarongeye gushingwa nk igihugu mu 1948.
1958: Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zohereje mu kirere icyogajuru cyazo cya mbere kitwa Exploler I.
1962: Cuba yakuwe mu muryango wa Leta za Amerika bisabwe na Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika John Kennedy, kuko politiki ya gikomunisiti Cuba yari ifite itahuraga n’umurongo w’ibi bihugu.
1997: Didier Ratsiraka yabaye perezida wa Madagascar.
2015: Sergio Mattarella yatorewe kuba perezida w’Ubutaliyani.
2019: Abdallah Shah yabaye umwami wa Malaisia.
2020: Ubwongereza bwavuye mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Ibi mu mateka byiswe Brexit mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza.
Ibyamamare byavutse kuri iyi tariki
1981: Justin Timberlake, umuririmyi w’umunyamerika.
1982: Alexei Verbov, umurusiyakazi ukina umukino w’amaboko wa Volleyball.
1983: Fabio Quagliarella, umukinnyi w’umupira w’amaguru w’umutaliyani.
1986: Pauline Parmentier, umukinnyi wa tennis w’umufaransakazi.
Umutagatifu Kiliziya Gatolika yizihiza none: Marcelle wa Roma (325 – 410)
Marcelle wa Roma ni umupfakazi w’umutaliyanikazi witangiye ibikorwa by’ubugiraneza ayobowe na Mutagatifu Jerome.
Muri 350, ni bwo Marcelle yapfakaye, nyuma y’amezi 7 ashatse. Kuko yari mwiza, akiri muto kandi akize, ntiyabuze abamusaba ko babana ariko arabahakanira. Yari yariyemeje kubaho gikiristu mu bupfakazi bwe. Kugira ngo abigereho, ntiyapfaga gusohoka iwe keretse agiye mu misa. Ikindi yiyemeje ni ukutajya yakira umushyitsi w’umugabo ari wenyine.
Marcelle yakoresheje umutungo we mu gufasha abakene, kandi aza kuwubaraga.
Olive UWERA
