Ikoranabuhanga

Muri iki kinyejana turimo, bigaragara ko ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho rigenda rihindura ibintu byinshi ku isi mu nzego zitandukanye haba mu itumanaho ubwaryo,?uburezi, ubucuruzi, ubuzima, n?izindi nzego zitandukanye. Usanga ryifashishwa mu guhanahana amakuru ku buryo bwihuse, mu gucunga abakozi, mu kwishyura ibicuruzwa no mu kwihutisha gutanga serivisi zinyuranye.
Uku gutera imbere kw?ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho byatumye imikorere yo mu gihe cyashize ritarasakara, itandukana ku buryo bugaragara n?imikorere y?iki gihe turimo ndetse kuri ubu bikaba bitagishidikanywaho ko ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ari imwe mu nkingi y?iterambere.

Iyo witegereje imibereho yo muri iki gihe aho ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho risigaye ryifashishwa mu kumenya ibyabereye?ahantu hose ku isi, mu gukora ubucuruzi bwihuse umuntu atiriwe akora ingendo ndende, mu kwiga no gukora ubushakashatsi, n?ibindi byinshi bitandukanye, nta washidikanya ko inzozi z?umuhanga mu mibanire y?abantu wo mu gihugu cya Canada, Prof. Marshall McLuhan, zaba zarasohoye. Uyu muhanga, mu gitabo yanditse mu mwaka wa 1967 cyitwa ?The Medium is the Message? yavuze ko hari igihe isi izaba imeze nk?umudugudu, bitewe na gahunda y?ikusanyabukungu, itangazamakuru ndetse n?ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho. Yitegereje uburyo itumanaho rikoresheje amashusho n?amajwi nka televiziyo na radiyo byihutaga yabonaga ko?uruhare rwabyo mu isakazamakuru rwari?rutangiye gusumba urw?ibitangazamakuru byandika. Akaba aribyo byatumye avuga ko iryo terambere ry?itumanaho rizatuma isi iba nto (nk?umudugudu) abayituye bakamera nk?umuryang umwe barangwa n?umuco umwe, n?umuvuduko umwe mbese nk?abatuye ahantu hamwe. Nk?uko yabivugaga ibyo bigaterwa n?uko umuntu azaba ashobora kubona amakuru ku buryo bwihuse aho azaba ari hose ku isi n?igihe icyo aricyo cyose.
Byagaragaye ko ibihugu byose byageze ku iterambere byagiye biterwa no gukora cyane, ndetse byaba??ngombwa hagakorwa n?amasaha y?ikirenga cyangwa aya nijoro kugira ngo ngo hatagira umwanya n?umwe utakara. Uku guha umwanya agaciro byaturutseho ndetse imvugo ivuga ngo ?igihe ni amafaranga? bishatse kuvuga ko iyo utakaje umwanya na muto ari amafaranga uba utakaje. Uyu muco wo gukora cyane wagiye ugaragara mu bihugu byateye imbere ariko mu bihugu?bikiri mu nzira y?amajyambere ugasanga uwo muco ukiri hasi cyane. Ndetse hamwe na hamwe n?ubu ukaba utahagaragara. Ibi bikaba ari bimwe mu byagiye bidindiza iterambere ry?ibihugu bimwe na bimwe. Aho ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho rimaze gusakarira no mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y?amajyambere, ahenshi iyo mikorere ya kera yagiye ihinduka maze umuvuduko w?imikorere nawo urahinduka.
Ese mu Rwanda byifashe bite?
U Rwanda narwo ntirwasigaye inyuma mu gushyira?ingufu mu ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ndetse ruriha n?icyerecyezo kugira ngo ribe koko inkingi y?iterambere ry?igihugu. Kuri ubu bikaba bimaze kugaragara ko abanyarwanda bamaze kwitabira gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kazi kabo ka buri munsi, haba mu gukoresha Interneti,?haba gukoresha?telefoni zigendanywa aho umubare munini w?Abanyarwanda ubu ufite izi telefoni. Ikindi kandi kigaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane, ni uko abantu bahugukiye kurikoresha mu bintu bitandukanye bibafitiye inyungu zinyuranye. Ibi bikaba bitandukanye no mu minsi yashize aho umuntu yumvaga ko niba afite telefoni azajya ayikoresha mu guhamagara no kwitaba gusa, ariko ubu ikaba ikoreshwa no mu bindi nko kohererezanya amafaranga, kugura umuriro, kureba uko konti yo muri banki ihagaze n?ibindi. Ndetse na Interineti mbere benshi bayikoreshaga mu kohererezanya ubutumwa gusa nyamara ubu ikaba ikoreshwa mu bintu byinshi binyuranye, ndetse ubu ikaba ifatwa nk?igikoresho cy?ingenzi mu buzima bw?umuntu bwa buri munsi.
Umuco wo gukora cyane rero ujyana no guha agaciro umwanya,?kuko gupfusha ubusa umwanya n?iyo waba muto cyane bitera igihombo gikomeye.?Mu rwego rwo kwirinda gutakaza uyu mwanya u Rwanda rwasanze rugomba kugeza ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho mu nzego zose z?imirimo kugira ngo harushweho kwihutisha gutanga serivisi ndetse na wa mwanya umuntu yatakazaga ku murongo yagiye gushaka serivisi mu kigo iki n?iki akawukoresha mu bimuteza imbere we ubwe ndetse n?igihugu.
Ubu ukaba usanga imikorere ya?kera ubwo ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ryari ritaragera mu Rwanda, yarahindutse igasimburwa n?imikorere yifashisha ikoranabuhanga kandi ikihutisha akazi. Ubu muri iki gihe usanga ibigo byose bya Leta, ibiyishamikiyeho n?ibigo byigenga bifite imbuga (websites) ku buryo umuntu ushatse amakuru ahita ayageraho atiriwe akora urugendo rurerure cyangwa ngo atakaze umwanya wo kwikorera akandi kazi ke gasanzwe.
Uretse kandi izi mbuga umuntu ashobora gusangaho amakuru akeneye, ibigo bitanga serivisi byo usanga ku mbuga zabyo hari ahagenewe gusabiraho servisi ndetse no kuyihabwa. Ibi bikaba bifite akamaro kanini muri rwa rwego rwo gutanga serivisi inoze kandi yihuse bidasabye ko uyikeneye ahaguruka iwe ngo ajye kuyisaba. Muri izo mbuga twavugamo nk?urubuga rw?Ikigo gishinzwe abinjira n?abasohoka mu gihugu, aho umuntu ashobora gufatira urupapuro rusaba pasiporo ndetse mu gihe pasiporo yasohotse akabimenyeshwa kuri Interineti cyangwa akohererezwa ubutumwa bugufi kuri telefoni. Ibi byose akaba ari mu rwego rwo kurinda abantu gutakaza umwanya bajya kureba aho dosiye zabo zigeze. Kuri urwo rubuga kandi (www.migration.gov.rw), uhasanga izindi serivisi nyinshi ushobora gusabiraho utiriwe ujya ku biro by?abinjira n?abasohoka.
Serivisi?nyinshi ziboneka ku buryo bworoshye
Urwego?rwa polisi y?igihugu narwo rufite urubuga abantu bashobora kwifashisha mu bintu bitandukanye nko kumenya amanota babonye mu bizamini byo gutwara ibinyabiziga bitabaye ngombwa ko bahaguruka ngo bajye kubaza ku cyicaro cya polisi y?igihugu.
Mu rwego rwo korohereza abacuruzi n?abandi bagana ikigo c?igihugu n?imisoro n?amahoro, iki kigo nacyo gifite urubuga rufasha abakigana mu kubaha serivisi zitandukanye, nko kumenyekanisha umusoro ku nyungu (TVA), gusaba icyemezo cy?uko nta deni umuntu afite (attestation de non cr?ance) n?izindi serivisi zinyuranye ziboneka?ku rubuga www.rra.gov.rw.
Ikigo cy?igihugu cy?ibizamini nacyo cyorohereje abanyeshuri mu kubona amanota yabo bifashishije urubugawww.reb.ac.rw batiriwe bajya gutonda umurongo kuri icyo kigo. Komisiyo y?igihugu ishinzwe?abakozi ba Leta nayo ifasha abashaka impapuro zisabirwaho akazi, aho umuntu azisanga ku rubuga www.psc.gov.rw .
Izi ngero zitanzwe z?ibigo bifite imbuga bitangiraho serivisi ni nke kuko hari n?izindi nyinshi nk?iza kaminuza aho abanyeshuri bashobora kubona amanota bagize mu ishuri, imbuga z?amahoteli zifashishwa mu gusaba serivisi za hoteli mu gihe uzikeneye atari hafi, imbuga zifashishwa mu gusaba tike z?indege n?izindi nyinshi.
Kuri ibi kandi hiyongeraho, serivise nyinshi zikorerwa kuri za telefoni zigendanwa, nko kugura umuriro, kohereza amafaranga, gutabaza polisi y?igihugu mu gihe habaye ikibazo nk?impanuka cyangwa gusaba ubundi bufasha butandukanye.
Izi ngero zose ziragaragaza ko Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho rikoreshejwe neza rifasha?mu kwihutisha serivisi no kwihutisha iterambere,?kuko?umwanya watakaraga?mu gutonda umurongo umuntu ategereje serivisi ukoreshwa mu yindi mirimo yo kwiteza imbere.