Inteko yiga ku murage w’Isi y’Ishami rya ONU ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco (UNESCO) iteraniye i Riyadh muri Arabia Saoudite ejo tariki ya 19/09/2023 yemeje Parike ya Nyungwe nk’ahandi hantu hashya ku rutonde rw’ahantu hagize umurage w’Isi ,bukeye tariki ya 20/09/2023 yongeramo inzibutso za Jenoside za Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi na Bisesero ku rutonde rw’ahantu ndangamurage w’isi.
Parike ya Nyungwe nubwo haje kwongerwaho ahandi hantu, niyo yabaye
ahantu ha mbere mu Rwanda hemejwe na UNESCO kuri uru rutonde ivuga ko ari ahantu “h’agaciro gakomeye cyane ku kiremwamuntu”.
ARCOS Network ikigo cyigenga cyo mu Rwanda gikora ibijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije kivuga ko iyi ari “inkuru ishamaje”.
Ikigo cya leta y’u Rwanda gishinzwe Iterambere (RDB) cyatangaje ko Minisitiri w’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’Inshingano Mboneragihugu Jean Damascène Bizimana uhagarariye u Rwanda muri iyo nteko yavuze ko gushyira iyi parike kuri uru rutonde “bifite akamaro by’umwihariko ku Banyarwanda, kuba ari ahantu ha mbere mu Rwanda hashyizwe kuri uru rutonde.”
Ahantu ndangamurage w’isi, bivuze iki?
Mu 1972 ibihugu byinshi ku isi byashyize umukono ku masezerano yo kurengera no kubungabunga ahantu ndangamateka, ndangamuco, cyangwa h’ingenzi cyane ku mibereho ya muntu y’ahazaza.
Kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu ahantu harenga 1,000 hamaze gushyirwa kuri urwo rutonde ku isi. Ibihugu ubwabyo nibyo bisaba bikanasobanura impamvu ahantu runaka habyo byifuza ko hajya kuri ruriya rutonde rw’umurage w’Isi.
Gusa uko aha hantu hemezwa ntibivugwaho rumwe, UNESCO inengwa kubogama muri iki gikorwa, nk’Uburayi bwihariye hejuru ya 1/3 cy’ahagenwe nk’umurage w’isi, nk’Ubufaransa bwonyine ahaba icyicaro gikuru cya UNESCO bufite aharenga 50, kimwe n’Ubudage.
Mu nteko ya UNESCO izwi nka World Heritage Committee iteraniye i Riyadh kuva tariki 10 kuzageza 25 z’uku kwezi kwa Nzeri, harimo kwemezwa ahandi hantu hashya harenga 25 kuri uru rutonde.
Muri weekend ishize, Audrey Azoulay umukuru wa UNESCO wari mu Rwanda mu ntangiriro z’uku kwezi aho yise izina umwana w’ingagi, atangiza iyo nteko yavuze ko ibihugu 27 ku isi bidafite ahantu hari kuri urwo rutonde birimo 12 bya Africa.
Uyu mufaransakazi Audrey yagize ati: “Uyu munsi, UNESCO ishyigikiye ko mu myaka ibiri ibyo bihugu bizabasha gutanga ahantu hashyirwa ku rutonde, kandi muri iyi nteko ahantu harindwi ho muri Africa hazigwaho”.
Ni he handi mu karere hari mu murage w’Isi?
DR Congo
Virunga National Park
Kahuzi-Biega National Park
Garamba National Park
Salonga National Park
Okapi Wildlife Reserve
Uganda
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park
Rwenzori Mountains National Park
Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi
Tanzania
Ngorongoro Conservation Area
Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara
Serengeti National Park
Selous Game Reserve
Kilimanjaro National Park
Stone Town of Zanzibar
Kondoa Rock-Art Sites
Ni uwuhe mwihariko wa Parike ya Nyungwe?
Ni ishyamba ry’inzitane riri mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda rifatanye n’irizwi nk’Ikibira mu Burundi. Kuva mu 1933 ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda bwarigize icyanya gikomeye cyo kubungabunga.
Mu 2005 leta yagize iri shyamba parike y’igihugu, hakorwa ibikorwa bikomeye byo kuribungabunga, kurwanya gushimuta inyamaswa ziririmo, no kuryongerera agaciro ngo ribe ahantu abakerarugendo bajya gusura.
Iyi parike ikora ku turere twa Rusizi, Nyamasheke, Nyamagabe na Nyaruguru mu Rwanda niyo yaciyemo inyeshyamba zishe abantu mu bitero by’i Nyabimata muri Nyaruguru mu 2018, ubu izwi nk’igice kirindirwa umutekano bikomeye.
Yubatswemo inzira, inyura hejuru mu bushorishori, ya 160m y’abanyamaguru iri ku butumburuke bwa 70m izwi nka “Canopy Walk” yabaye ahantu h’ingenzi abakerarugendo bajya ngo bitegereze urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima muri iyi parike.
Yubatswemo kandi imwe muri hoteli zihenze cyane mu Rwanda yitwa One&Only Nyungwe House aho icyumba ku ijoro rimwe kigeza kuri 3,250$ (hafi miliyoni 4Frw).
UNESCO ivuga ko iyi parike irimo bimwe mu binyabuzima bifite umwihariko kandi by’inkehwa “bitaboneka ahandi aho ariho hose ku isi”, birimo ubwoko bw’inguge za ‘Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii’, inkende za ‘Cercopithecus mitis’ n’uducurama tw’imbonekarimwe twitwa ‘Rhinolophus hillorum’, ivuga kandi ko harimo amoko arindwi y’inyoni zigeramiwe kw’isi, hamwe n’amoko 317 mashya y’inyoni yavumbuwe.
RDB ivuga ko ishyamba rya Nyungwe riri ku buso bwa hegitari 101,900 rikurura imvura nyinshi kandi amasoko yaryo aha amazi ahangana na 70% h’u Rwanda. Ivuga kandi ko ku musozi wa Bigugu muri iyi parike – icungwa n’ikigo cyigenga African Parks Network abahanga bahabonye isoko ya kure y’umugezi wa Nile, gusa ibi ntibiremezwa ku buryo budasubirwaho ku rwego rw’isi.
Kujya ku rutonde rw’umurage w’isi bisobanuye iki?
UNESCO ivuga ko ikintu gituma igitekerezo cy’Umurage w’isi kiba umwihariko ari uko aho hantu hahinduka “ah’abantu bose b’isi, hatitawe ku ho haherereye”.
Ibi ariko ntibisobanuye ko ejo wahita ufata urugendo ukajya gusura parike ya Nyungwe utubahirije ibisabwa cyangwa ngo wishyure ikiguzi cyabyo.
Abahanga mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bavuga ko gushyira ahantu kuri ruriya rutonde bisobanuye inshingano UNESCO hamwe n’igihugu baba bagize kuri aho hantu.
UNESCO ivuga ko, ifasha ibihugu kubungabunga aho hantu, itanga ubufasha tekinike n’amahugurwa. Ivuga kandi ko itanga ubutabazi bwihuse ako kanya kuri aho hantu h’umurage w’Isi mu gihe hahuye n’icyago”.
UNESCO na none ifasha kandi ibihugu ubukangurambaga bwo kurengera no kubungabunga ahantu nk’aho ku bw’abantu ba none nab’igihe kizaza.
Titi Leopold
