Mu gihe bimenyerewe ko abantu b’igitsina gabo ari bo bakunze kugaragara bakora umwuga wo gufotora, hari abakobwa bamaze gutinyuka kuwukora n’ubwo mu itangira bahuye n’imbogamizi zirimo gucibwa intege, kubura ababaha ibiraka kuko batizeye ko babikora neza nka basaza babo n’ibindi.
Guhera mu binyajana bya kera, mu Rwanda ndetse no muri Afurikaa muri rusange wasangaga abana b’abahungu n’ab’abakobwa batozwa imirimo itandukanye. Kugeza n’igihe amashuri yaje, wasangaga urubyiruko rw’abahungu n’urw’abakobwa bahitamo imyuga itandukanye bigendeye ku kuba hari iyitwa iy’abahungu n’iya bakobwa.
Bitandukanye rero no muri iki kinyejana ubwo hari iterambere ritandukanye, aho usanga iyitwaga imyuga y’abahungu isigaye ikorwa n’abakobwa. Usanga hari abakanishi, abashoferi b’ibinyabiziga bitandukanye, abubatsi b’abagore cyangwa abakobwa ndetse no mu yindi myuga itandukanye.
Uyu munsi rero, Ikinyamakuru Ubumwe.com kirabagezaho inkuru irebana na ba gafotozi (photographers) b’ igitsina gore twaganiriye, mu gihe mu myaka ya cyera byari bimenyerewe ko ari umwuga w’ abagabo.
Twaganiriye na Aradukunda Abigael ni umunyarwandakazi w’imyaka 23 y’amavuko ukomoka mu karere ka Kicukiro, akaba arimo arasoza amashuri makuru muri IPRC muri multi-media ndetse na mugenzi we Ibyishaka Josée w’imyaka 22, akaba ari umunyeshuri muri Christian University muri Mass Communication. Bombi bakora umwuga wo gufotora.
Nk’uko babitangarije Ubumwe.com, batangiye gufotora kinyamwuga mu mwaka wa 2018, ariko mbere bakaba barabikoraga mu rwego rwo kwishimisha bakoresheje terefone. Bavuze ko icyabateye kujya muri uyu mwuga ari uko hari amafoto meza bajyaga babona ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, bakagerageza kuyigana ariko ntase n’ayo bafashe bitewe n’uko nta bumenyi buhagije bari bafite mu gufotora. Ikindi, bavuga ko byaterwaga n’uko babaga bakoresha telephone. Gukunda gufotora byatumaga aho bari n’inshuti zabo ziba zibasaba ko babafotora kuko babona bafotora neza.
Abigael na Josée bavuga ko ibi byaje gutuma babifatira amahugurwa ya kinyamwuga kugirango bagere aho bageze uyu munsi. Abigael yagize ati: “Ndangije amashuri yisumbuye nibwo namenye ko hari amashuri yigisha gufotora na multi-media muri rusange, mpita niyemeza kuzabyiga muri kaminuza. Ubwo rero ngiye muri kaminuza nsanga harimo ibintu byinshi: gufotora, itangazamakuru, gukina film n’ibindi byinshi. Byabaye nk’ibingora guhitamo kuko numvaga byose mbishaka”.
Abigael yongeraho ko mu biruhuko ari bwo yabonye ahantu batanga amasomo y’igihe gito mu bijyanye n’itangazamakuru rikoresha amafoto (photojournalism). Yahise ajya kubyiga: “Nafotora ifoto bakambwira ko ari nziza nkumva nanjye ndabikunze cyane. Ikindi nakundaga kugenda mu birori bitandukanye nkabona abahungu gusa ari bo bafotora bintera imbaraga zo kuvuga ko ngiye kubaka izina, kuko nabonaga ari umwuga mwiza ariko utabamo abakobwa”.
Gutangira ntibyari byoroshye
Aradukunda Abigael avuga ko gutangira gukora uyu mwuga bitari byoroshye kuko byamusabaga gutira camera bitewe n’uko nta kindi gishoro yari atangiranye uretse ubumenyi yari akuye muri ya masomo y’igihe gito yafashe. Ati: “Natiraga camera nkajya gufotora ahantu heza nyaburanga mu gihugu nta muntu wantumye, nta gishoro natangiranye icyo nari mfite ni ukubikunda n’ubushake, hanyuma nkagenda mbwira abantu ko mbikora nkabereka na ya mafoto bakakayashima bakambwira ko bazajya bampamagara mu birori byabo”.
Ku ruhande rw’ababyeyi be ngo mbere ntago bumvaga ko ari umwuga, kuko bamubwiraga ko nta muntu utafata camera cyangwa telephone ngo ananirwe gufotora. Ariko nyuma nk’uko Abigael akomeza abivuga, ngo baje kubona amafoto afata barayashima babona ko koko bisaba ubumenyi. Nk’uko abivuga ngo kuri ubu baramushyigikiye, kandi bamwemereye ko narangiza kwiga bazamutera inkunga akabona ibikoresho bye bwite agakora akiteza imbere.
Mu gutangira kandi zimwe mu nshuti ze z’abakobwa zamuciye intege nk’uko abyivugira zimubaza niba koko agiye kuba gafotozi, wirirwa wirukankana camera. Abigael avuga ko ariko hari n’abandi bamushyigikiye, bimutera imbaraga.
Ibyishaka Josée we, avuga ko ubwo yafataga icyemezo cyo gutangira umwuga wo gufotora byatunguye abantu benshi: bamwe bamushishikarije kubikomeza ariko hakaba hari abandi bamuciye intege. Yabivuze mu buryo bukurikira: “Mu by’ukuri hari bamwe banshigikiye bambwira ko bimbereye kumbona na camera kuko n’ubundi nari nsanzwe mbikoresha telefoni. Hari n’abandi bagiye banca intege bambwira ko bitazampira kuko muri sosiyete nyarwanda ntabwo bimenyerewe kubona umukobwa ufite kamera, njyewe numvaga nkwiye kubikora kuko mbikunda”.
Josée avuga kandi ko nawe umuryango we utahise ubyakira mu gihe yari ababwiye ko agiye kubifatira amahugurwa y’amezi atandatu kugirango atangire kubikora kinyamwuga. Ariko nyuma baje kumushigikira kuko bari bazi ko abikunda. Yasobanuye kandi impamvu yahisemo uwo mwuga: “N’ubwo muri sosiyete yacu kubona abakobwa bafotora bitamenyerewe, njye nabonaga ari byiza nta kibazo dore ko no mu buzima bwanjye busanzwe nkunda imyidagaduro igaragara nk’iyabahungu”.
Ibyishaka Josée yatangiye akorera kompanyi ikora ibijyanye no gufotora, ariko nyuma yaje kubona ko nta mpamvu yo gutinya atangira kwikorera nk’uko yabidutangarije, kugirango ashobore no kubona n’umwanya uhagije wo gukurikirana amasomo ye.
Indi mbogamizi José yahuye nayo, ni ukugirirwa icyizere bitewe n’uko kubona umukobwa ukora umwuga wo gufotora atari ikintu kimenyerewe muri sosiyete nyarwanda. Ati: “Nahuye n’ikibazo cyo kugirirwa icyizere nk’umwana w’umukobwa ufotora, bakabona ko ntabyo nshoboye bigatuma umukiriya ampa amafaranga make kuko atanyizeye ko namukorera neza nk’uko n’umuhungu yamufotorera. Ariko uko bagendaga babona mfotora amafoto meza iyo sura yarahindutse”.
Mu zindi mbogamizi bavuze bahuye nazo, harimo ko mu gufotora habamo ibikoresho biremereye rimwe na rimwe bikabagora kubitwara, kuba bafatwa n’abasore uhura nabo nk’umukobwa w’ikirara; bigatuma bakumenyera bashaka kukwikoraho ibyo bashaka. Mu guhangana n’iyi mbogamizi ngo bihagararaho bakerekana ko baje muri uyu mwuga bafite intego yo gukora akazi ko gufotora.
Inyungu bakuyemo
Abigael na Josée bavuga ko mu nyungu bakuye muri aka kazi, iya mbere ari ukwinjiza amafaranga, kuko babasha kwikemurira ibibazo by’ibanze batagoye ababyeyi. Ikindi, babasha kwikodeshereza ibikoresho byo gufotora mu gihe bataragura ibyabo bwite. Bagenda kandi bizigama macye macye ngo bazabashe kwagura ibyo bakora bigurira ibikoresho.
Mu bindi bungutse, harimo kugira ubunararibonye kandi bakiri ku ntebe z’ishuri. Abigael ati: “Kuko ubu nshobora gufotora mu birori bitandukanye njyenyine nk’isabukuru, iminsi mikuru yo gusoza n’ibindi birori bito ndetse n’ibinini ndikumwe n’umfasha (assistant). Ikindi byampaye gutinyuka kuko mfotora ifoto abantu bakayikunda bituma nigirira icyizere ko nshoboye”.
Inama bagira abana b’abakobwa bagenzi babo
Aba bakobwa bagira inama abakobwa bagenzi babo yo gutinyuka n’ubwo muri sosiyete hari byinshi bibaca intege, igikuru ni ugukora icyo ukunze ukerekana ko ubishoboye kandi ko nta tandukaniro ryawe n’umuhungu. Ku bakobwa bifuza kuba ba gafotozi, bababwira ko umwuga wo gufotora udasaba igishoro kinini nk’uko abantu babitekereza, gusa ngo bisaba mudasobwa cg ushobora kuyibona naho ibindi byose bikodeshwa. Igikuru nuko uba ubikunze kuko utangira ukodesha kugirango werekane ko ushoboye.
Aba bakobwa bafotora bavuga ko ibiraka biboneka kuko muri iyi minsi hano mu Rwanda amafoto agezweho, ko nta birori byaba bito cg binini bitakiba birimo kamera. Abigael ati: “Ndetse hari n’abaguhamagara bati ngwino udufotore hari umwana wavutse, cg udufatire ifoto y’umuryango. Ibyo byose ni amahirwe agenda aboneka ku bafotora. Camera ihagaze nka $1000 kuzamura kugeza kuri miliyoni, ariko irakwinjiriza ikayagaruza”.
Irène Nyambo
