Ku itariki ya 22 Gashyantare 1943, abanyeshuri 3 b’Abadage biciwe muri gereza ya Stadelheim iri yo mu mujyi wa Munic mu Budage. Icyaha bahamijwe ni icyo gutangaza ibibi abanazi bari bakoraga, babinyujije mu nzandiko z’umutwe bashinze witwaga Die Weiße Rose (Iroza ry’umweru).
Uwagize igitekerezo cyo gushinga uyu mutwe ni umusore witwaga Hans Scholl. Uyu ubwo yari afite imyaka 14 yabanje kujya mu mutwe w’urubyiruko rwa Hitler nk’abandi bana bo mu gihe cye, ariko bidatinze abona ko ibyo biga atari byiza avamo.
Ubwo Hans yari muri kaminuza yiga ubuganga we na na mushiki we Sophie mu 1942, bashinze umutwe urwanya imyumvire y’abanazi, bakandika impapuro zikangurira abantu kuyirinda, bakandika hasi ko byanditswe n’Iroza ry’umweru. Muri izi nyandiko zanyanyagizwagwa rwihishwa, hari aho bifashishaga imirongo ya Bibiliya bakerekana ko ibyo abanazi bakora atari byo.
Ntibyatinze, ku itariki 18 Gashyantare 1943, Hans na mushiki we Sophie bafatwa n’umuyobozi wa kaminuza bigagamo barimo kunyanyagiza za nyandiko bihishashisha, abahamagarira polisi y’abanazi icyo gihe yitwaga Gestapo. Bahise bafungirwa muri gereza ya Stadelheim.
Kuri 22 Gashyantare 1943 bakatiwe urwo gupfa bahita bicwa, bari kumwe n’indi nshuti yabo yahamwe n’icyaha nk’icyabo. Mu mezi yakurikiye, abandi bagenzi babo 14 barafashwe na bo baricwa. Abagiye babatera inkunga y’amafaranga cyangwa mu bundi buryo, bashyizwe mu nkambi bakora imirimo y’amaboko kugeza igihe Abadage batsindiwe intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose.
Ibindi byaranze itariki ya 22 mu mateka ni ibi bikurikira:
1759: Abafaransa bahunze agace ka Madras ko mu Buhinde, nyuma y’uko Abongereza bakinjiyemo. Aha hari mu ntambara yiswe iy’imyaka 7, ibihugu bitandukanye byo ku mugabane w’Uburayi, Amerika na Aziya bikaba byararwaniraga hirya no hino mu bihugu byakolonije bihashaka inyungu.
1819: Espagne yemeye guhara Leta ya Florida iyiha Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mu masezerano yashyizweho umukono kuri uyu munsi yitwa Amasezerano ya Adams-Onis.
1848: Ni umunsi w’intangiriro y’Impinduramatwara ya gatatu y’Abafaransa. Kuva ku itariki ya 22 Gashyantare kugeza kuri 25 uku kwezi 1848, abari batuye i Paris bigaragambije bavuga ko badashaka ubutegetsi bwa cyami, bituma umwami wari uriho Louis-Philippe ahunga. Kuva ubwo uwitwa Alphonse de Lamartine yahise atangaza ko hagiyeho Repubulika ya kabiri y’Ubufaransa.
1964: Ghana yabaye Repubulika igengera ku mahame ya gisosiyalisite, ifite ishyaka rimwe.
1966: Perezida wa Uganda wari uriho Milton Obote yafunze ba abaminisitiri be batanu, asigara akora imirimo yabo.
1974: Pakistan yemeye ko intara yayo yo mu burasirazuba ibaye igihugu kigenga ari cyo Bangladesh.
Ibyamamare byavutse kuri iyi tariki:
1973: Elizabeth Bowen, umwanditsi w’ibitabo wo mu Buholandi.
1984: Julio Colombo, umukinnyi w’umupira w’amaguru wo mu Bufaransa.
1995: Ed Flanders, umunyamerika ukina filime.
2000: Raphael Pujazon, umufaransa usiganwa ku maguru.
Uyu munsi Kiliziya Gatolika yizihiza:
Petero intumwa atora Roma ho umurwa we
Uyu munsi wibutsa ijambo Yezu yabwiye Petero ati: «Uri urutare, kandi kuri urwo rutare nzubakaho Kiliziya yanjye ». Uyu munsi wibutsa Abakristu gatolika kujya bibuka gusabira cyane Papa kugira ngo akomeze abe inkingi ikomeza ukwemera kumwe muri Kristu, kandi Roho Mutagatifu amumurikire mu byemezo bikomeye agenewe gufata.
Umuhire Izabela wo mu Bufaransa (1225-1270)
Izabela wo mu Bufaransa, yari umukobwa w’umwami w’Ubufaransa witwaga Ludoviko VIII. Yari yararezwe gikristo. Bivugwa ko yari afite uburanga butangaje akanitonda cyane. Ariko kandi yajyaga arwara kenshi.
Kubera politiki, se yashakaga kumushyingira igikomangoma Hugo wa Marishe, ariko uyu we ahitamo gushyingiranwa na Yolanda, umukobwa w’umutware wa Bretanye. Papa Inosenti IV we yashakaga ko ashyingirwa Ferederiko II umwami w’abami w’Ubudage. Uwo mwami w’abami, yari yarahawe kandi kwitwa umwami wa Yeruzalemu (ariko yari umwami waho mu magambo gusa). Ibyo byose Izabela yarabyanze, amenyesha umuryango we ndetse na Papa ko yifuza kuba umubikira. Nuko Papa yumva icyifuzo cye, amuha uburenganzira bwo kuyoborwa n’abihayimana b’abafaransisikani, abishyira mu rwandiko yanditse ku itariki 26 Gicurasi 1254. Hashize umwaka, atangira igikorwa cyo kubaka urugo rw’abamonakikazi mu ishyamba ry’ahitwa Ruvre (Rouvray) ryari hafi y’i Parisi mu Bufaransa.
Urwo rugo rw’abamonaki rwuzuye mu mwaka w’1259, ku buryo ku itariki 23 Kamena 1260 yakiriye ababikira ba mbere b’abaklarisa bari bavuye mu rugo rwabo rw’i Remusi (Reims).
Izabela yitabye Imana ku itariki 22 Gashyantare 1270.
Olive UWERA
