Ku itariki ya 6 Gashyantare buri mwaka, isi yizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga wo kwamagana icyebwa ry’umwana w’umukobwa Feminine Genital Mutilation mu Cyongereza (FGM), ari byo bivuga gukeba bimwe mu bice by’ibanga.
Insanganyamatsiko y’uyu mwaka iragira iti: “Nta mwanya wo kudakora, reka twishyire hamwe turwanye isiramurwa ry’umwana w’umukobwa (FGM).”
Kuva cyera, uyu mugenzo wakorwaga n’ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afirika y’amajyaruguru; muri Aziya ndetse n’Uburasirazuba bwo hagati.
Icyegeranyo cy’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima (World Health Organization) werekana ko abakobwa n’abagore bagera kuri miliyoni magana abiri (200), baciwe ibyo bice by’umubiri. Ndetse bakerekana ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abo bari n’abategarugori mu miryango yabo.
Uyu muryango werekana ko hari ubwoko bune bwa FGM:
1-Hari aho bakeba igice kimwe cy’imyanya y’ibanga bakagikuramo;
2-Hari aho bakata agace gato
3-Hari n’aho bakata agace gato bakakadodera ahandi bisobanura ko bakimura.
4-Ku mwanya wa kane haza igikorwa cyose cyo gupfumura, gukomeretsa cyangwa gutwika imyanya y’ibanga y’umwana w’umukobwa ku bushake.
Uyu mugenzo ugaragazwa nko guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu cyane cyane ubw’umwana w’umukobwa ndetse n’umugore, kikaba ari icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko hirya no hino mu bihugu ariko kugeza n’ubu nturacika mu bantu.
Abakora uyu mugenzo bavuga ko ufite akamaro akamaro gakurikira:
-Utuma abana b’abakobwa batagira kwifuza gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bigatuma bashaka bakiri amasugi;
-Bibafasha mu kwitegurira urugo nk’umugore;
-Hari n’abavuga ko iyo abana b’abakobwa babasiramuye ariho baba basukuye kuko bo ibyo bice bakuramo babifata nk’umwanda;
-Kuba ari umuco umaze imyaka myinshi hari ababikora gusa kugira ngo bemerwe muri sosiyeti yabo, ndetse no kuwukomeza ngo udacika.
Nk’umugenzo ukorwa hifashishijwe ibyuma bityaye nk’inzembe, ukabamo no gukomeretse ibice bigize umubiri, FGM igira ingaruka zikurikira:
-Uburibwe bukabije mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina;
-Kugira indwara z’inkurikizi mu gitsina gore nka infections (soma enfegisiyo) zidashira;
-Kugira ububabare bukabije mu gihe cyo kwihagarika kubera ko hari igihe usanga haciwe udutsi two mu mubiri;
-Kugira ububabare budasanzwe nk’abandi bakobwa mu gihe cy’imihango;
-Bihungabanya ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bw’ababikorewe, aho usanga bibasigira ihahamuka, agahinda gakabije, ubwoba n’ibindi.
Nta wakwirengagiza kandi ko hari n’abana benshi bahasiga ubuzima mu gihe cyo gusiramurwa bitewe no kuva amaraso menshi.
Ubuhamya bwa bamwe mu baharanira ko uyu mugenzo ucika:
Purity Soinato Oiyie ni umwe mu banze gusiramurwa mu bwoko bwe bw’aba Masai muri Kenya. Uyu Oiyie kandi ni umuyobozi mu bwoko bwabo ndetse n’impirimbanyi iharanira uburenganzira bw’umwana w’umukobwa. Mu buhamya bwe agira ati: ”Nari mfite imyaka icumi cyangwa cumi n’umwe ubwo papa wanjye yari agiye kunsiramuza mbere yo kunshyingira umusaza w’imyaka 70 y’amavuko. Maze kubimenya nabibwiye mwarimu wanjye ku ishuri nawe abibwira umuyobozi wa polisi y’iwacu. Polisi yaje kundokora nka mbere y’amasaha abiri ngo umuhango nyir’izina utangire. Baraje baranjyana.”
Oiyie akaba ariwe mukobwa wa mbere mu gace k’iwabo wanze gusiramurwa. Mu myaka umunani yakurikiye, uyu mukobwa yabaye ikigo giha ubuhungiro abana bafite ibibazo nk’ibi. Akomeza asobanura ko n’ubwo atasiramuwe ariko yasigaranye ihungabana ry’uko yari akiri muto ariko bikaba ngombwa ko arererwa mu gasozi. Yagize ati: ”Ntabwo byari byoroshye kuva mu rugo, ngasiga umuryango wajye; nta n’ubwo nashoboraga kuryama neza, rimwe na rimwe numvaga nasubirayo ariko mama wanjye ntiyigeze abyifuza, n’ubwo papa wanjye yamukubitaga avuga ko ariwe watumye ntoroka; ubwo nagumye aho kugeza nsoje amasomo”.
Kuri ubu Oiyie akaba akorana n’ikigo kirwanya isiramurwa ry’umwana w’umukobwa. Oiyie afite inzozi zo kubaka amashuri y’ubuntu mu karere k’iwabo ndetse akaba anakorerea ubuvugizi kuri bagenzi be bo batagize amahirwe yo gutoroka bagashyingirwa ku nguvu, bakwiye guhabwa amahirwe yo gusubira mu ishuri.
Ifrah Ahmed nawe ni umukobwa ukomoka mu gihugu cya Somalia, aho 98% y’igitsina gore bose basiramuwe. Uyu mukobwa wakinye filime mbarankuru hejuru y’isiramurwa ry’abana b’abakobwa nawe aharanira ko isiramurwa ry’abana b’abakobwa riba icyaha imbere y’amategeko mu gihugu cye; ndetse kuri ubu ijwi rye rikaba ryarumvukanye kandi akaba akomeje muri urwo rugendo rwe.
“Ibyambayeho igihe nyogokuru yamfataga ngo bansiramure na data wacu mu kazu gato k’ibyatsi kuzuyemo umuborogo w’umwana w’umukobwa bitewe n’ububabare bukabije: bakoresheje urwembe rwanduye. Mushobora kubyumva nk’inkuru y’ubuzima bwanjye ariko ni inkuru y’abana benshi b’abakobwa ari nabo mvuganira kuri uyu munsi.”
Ifrah agaragaza ko no kubara inkuru z’ibyo bacamo ari umusaraba kubera ihahamuka bibasigira mu buzima. Uyu mwari akaba afite umuryango uharanira ko isiramurwa ry’umwana w’umukobwa FGM icyaha mu gihugu cye imbere y’amategeko ndetse agaragaza impungenge ze ko iyo aganiriye n’abagore bonyine nta mugabo urimo bamwemerera ko gusiramura umukobwa ari ikibazo ariko bakaba badashobora kubivuga byeruye.
Akaba rero asaba Leta ya Somalia gushyiramo imbaraga ngo uwo muco ucike burundu.
Irene NYAMBO
