Oleg Zaitsev aragenda anyura mu ruganda ruri i Almaty muri Kazakhstan, aho abakozi benshi barimo gutandukanya ibice bya mudasobwa n’amatelevisiyo bishaje. Uyu mugabo w’imyaka 59 ni umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo gikora isubiranyamwuga (recycling) ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byakoreshejwe.
Yagize ati “Ibintu byangiza biri mu myanda y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bishobora kwanduza ubutaka n’amazi, bikagira ingaruka ku bidukikije no ku mutekano w’ibiribwa. Ariko uburyo bwiza bwo gusubiranya ibyo bikoresho bushobora kugabanya izo ngaruka.”
Ikigo cya Zaitsev kiri mu ihuriro ryitwa Alliance for Circular Electronics in Central Asia, rifatanya n’ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku bidukikije (UNEP).
Zaitsev ari mu bantu bari ku isonga mu guhangana n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’umwanda uterwa n’ibisigazwa by’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga nka mudasobwa, telefone n’ibindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byajugunywe.
Iyo myanda irimo uburozi nka ‘lead’ na ‘mercury’, bushobora kwanduza ubutaka, amazi ndetse n’umwuka aba bahumeka.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (WHO), rivuga ko ibyo bishobora gutera kugwingira kw’abana, kuvuka kw’abana igihe kitageze ndetse no gupfa kw’abana mu gihe bavuka.
Ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere ni byo byibasirwa cyane, kuko mu myaka myinshi byakomeje kujugunywamo imyanda y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, iturutse mu bihugu bikize.
Uko ikibazo cyakemuka
Abahanga bavuga ko ibihugu n’inganda bigomba guhindura uburyo ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikorwa, bigakoreshwa hanyuma bigasanwa ndetse bigakorwamo ibinsi bishya (recycling).
Sheila Aggarwal-Khan, umuyobozi mu ishami rya UNEP rishinzwe inganda n’ubukungu, yagize ati “Guverinoma n’inganda zifite amahirwe yo kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’umwanda uva mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. Gukora ibikoresho biramba, bishobora kongera gukoreshwa, gusubiranywamo no gusubizwa ku isoko ni uburyo bushya, kandi bufitiye akamaro abaguzi n’ibidukikije.”
Imiterere y’icyo kibazo ku Isi hose
Raporo ya UN yo mu 2024 ivuga ko ku Isi abantu bakora toni miliyoni 62 z’imyanda y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga buri mwaka. Iyo myanda ingana n’amakamyo agera kuri miliyoni 1.5 yuzuye.
Icyakora munsi ya kimwe cya kane (¼) gusa ni yo isubiranywamo neza. Ibisigaye bijugunywa ahantu hatagenzuwe, aho bishobora kwanduza ubutaka ndetse n’amazi yo mu butaka, ibyo bikaba bitera igihombo n’ingaruka ku buzima n’ibidukikije
Uburyo bubi bwo gucunga iyi myanda butera igihombo kigera kuri miliyari 78 z’Amadolari ya Amerika buri mwaka, mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’abantu n’ubw’ibidukikije. Nanone kandi bigira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere, cyane cyane igihe ibintu bibi nk’imiti iyo umwuka wayo ugiye mu kirere .
Isubiranyamo (Recycling) ryonyine ntirihagije
Abahanga bavuga ko gusubiranyamo imyanda byonyine bidahagije, kubera ko abantu bagenda bagura ibikoresho byinshi by’ikoranabuhanga, ibishya bigasohoka vuba vuba, imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga ikiyongera cyane.
Kuva mu 2010, imyanda y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga yiyongereye inshuro eshanu kurusha mbere.
Amategeko mashya
Ku itariki ya 1 Mutarama, ivugururwa ry’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yitwa ‘Basel Convention’, ryatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa. Aya masezerano agena uko imyanda iteje akaga igomba gutwarwa.
Ibihugu bishobora kandi gushyiraho amategeko atuma:
-Ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikorwa biramba, kandi bishobora kongera gukoreshwa.
-Ababikora baba bashinzwe no kubyitaho igihe bishaje (Extended Producer Responsibility).
Isi rero irimo guhura n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’imyanda y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. Kugira ngo gikemuke, hakenewe gukorwa ibikoresho biramba, kongera kubikoresha, kubisana no kubisubiranyamo neza, hagamijwe kurengera ubuzima bw’abantu n’ibidukikije.
Titi Léopold
