Gutegura ‘budget’ cyangwa ingengo y’imari, bimenyerewe kuba bikorwa na za Guverinoma, ibigo bya Leta, abikorera mu rwego rwo kumenya uko imari yaba iy’Igihugu cyangwa ubucuruzi izakoreshwa. Ariko inzobere (expert) mu by’imari bashishikariza abantu ko bagomba gukora ingengo y’imari y’amafaranga yabo bwite, kuko ifasha kugera ku iterambere rirambye.
Dore zimwe mu mpamvu ukwiye gutegura ingengo y’imari yawe bwite:
1. Bigufasha kwerekeza amaso ku ntego wihaye: Ingengo y’imari igufasha gutegura intego z’ubuzima bwawe, ibyo ushaka kuba wagezeho mu iterambere mu gihe runaka. Iyo ubayeho mu buzima bwawe nta ntego n’imwe wiha, ukoresha amafaranga yawe ku bintu bikujemo utabipangiye; wenda wumvise ngo umuhanzi runaka yaje, ugahita ukora ku nshuti zawe mukajyayo, wabona umwenda wasohotse ugezweho ugahita ujya kuwugura n’ibindi nk’ibyo. Nonese ni ryari ushobora kwizigamira ukagura imodoka yawe, ukubaka inzu yawe n’indi mishinga minini? Ntiwakwizigamira udakoze ingengo y’imari y’amafaranga yawe.
Ni ingengo y’imari igufasha gushushanya intego zawe, ukizigamira amafaranga yo kuzigeraho. Ikindi igufasha kumenya ikigero ugezeho ngo usohoze inzozi zawe; kubera ko igufasha kudakoresha amafaranga nabi. Rimwe na rimwe birababaza kubona utaguze ya kanzu cyangwa urukweto rwasohotse, utashoboye gutwerera inshuti yawe kuko amafaranga yawe aba ari ku mibare, ariko iyo wibutse impamvu utarimo gukoresha amafaranga yawe uko wishakiye kubera intego nini ufite, biruhura umutima.
2. Bigufasha kudakoresha amafaranga udafite: Iki cyo kirasekeje kuko ntibyumvikana uburyo umuntu yakoresha amafaranga adafite, ariko iyo ujagaraye mu mutwe birashoboka. Urugero, uzi ko ushobora gukoresha amafaranga yo kwishyura nzu cyangwa minerivali kandi atari ngombwa. Ushobora kubaho mu buzima buhenze udafitiye ubushobozi, bitewe n’inshuti zawe ngo batagucishamo ijisho, ugasanga igiceri cyose winjiza uragikoresha ndetse ukisanga mu madeni.
Iyo rero ukoze ingengo y’imari mu bushobozi bwawe uko bungana bigufasha kumenya ayo ukoresha mu bya nkenerwa by’ibanze nko kwishyura inzu, kurya, ingendo, ‘argent de poche’, noneho ugasigaza n’ayo kwizigamira buri kwezi.
Kubaho utizigamira rero ni ikibazo gikomeye muri ibi bihe. Ibi ntibishatse kuvuga ko ukwiye kubaho nabi ngo wizigamire, ariko gerageza uringanize.
3. Bigufasha kuzagira amasaziro meza: Iyo umuntu akiri umusore arakora ariko hari igihe kigera akajya mu zabukuru, aho aruhuka akazajya atungwa n’ibyo yizigamiye agifite imbaraga. Ba sogokuru bazigamaga mu mirima n’amatungo babaga bafite ndetse n’abana babo. Ariko kuri ubu si ko bikimeze ibintu byarahindutse.
Abakozi bazigamirwa muri RSSB, rero iyo mu gihe wakoraga, warakoze investment mu bintu bitandukanye ntabwo wagira amasaziro mabi. Kuko iyo utagishoboye gukora cyangwa yewe ushobora no kurwara mbere y’uko ujya mu za bukuru, muri icyo gihe ukwiye kuba hari uko wifashije. Ibi ntibisaba kuba winjiza za miliyoni cyangwa ibihumbi amagana buri kwezi; n’iyo waba winjiza udufaranga ducye dukoreshe uko bikwiriye.
4. Bigufasha kwitegura ikibazo cyaza gitunguranye (emergency funds): Ubuzima tubayemo ntabwo ari twe tubugenga, Imana ni yo igenga ibihe. Uyu munsi meze uku, ariko ejo ntabwo mbizi. Ni inshuro zingahe twisanga dutunguwe n’ikintu tutigeze dutekereza ko cyatubaho? Uburwayi, kurwaza, kwirukanwa mu kazi, gupfusha uwari utunze umuryango n’ibindi byinshi nk’ibyo.
Hari igihe ibintu nk’ibi bitubaho. Muri iyi Si nta gikwiye kudutungura, tugomba guhora twiteguye. Iyo rero wari umuntu wizigamiye, hari ukuntu ugerageza kubumbabumba ibintu iminsi ikicuma; niba ari ukwirukanwa ku kazi ukaba waba ukoresha bya bindi wizigamiye mu gihe urimo gushaka akandi. Ibaze gupfa ugasiga umuryango wawe uba mu bukode, ukeneye kubaho, minerivali z’abanyeshuri n’ibindi.
Hari ubwo wenda akazi k’umufasha usigaye gaciriritse cyane, katakemura ibyo bibazo byose. Ikibabaza kurushaho ni uko usanga warigeze kugira ubushobozi bwo gutunga n’ikibanza cyangwa inzu, ariko ntabwo wabyitayeho. Amafaranga yawe wayakoresheje ibitari ngombwa, cyangwa ibitagombye kuza imbere y’ibindi.
5. Ingengo y’imari igufasha kubona neza uburyo ukoresha amafaranga yawe nabi: Gukora ingengo y’imari biguhumura amaso ukabona aho ufite intege nke mu gukoresha amafaranga yawe, kuko ibintu byose tuba dukeneye gukora si ko biba byihutirwa cyangwa ari inshingano zanjye.
Gufata inshingano mu muryango zo kuzajya nishyurira umwishwa wanjye minerivali, ufite se na nyina ngo n’uko mfite akazi keza; ntabwo ari inshingano yanjye. Namufasha biri mu ngengo y’imari yanjye ariko si itegeko, kuko nanjye mfite umuryango wanjye ukeneye kubaho neza, cyangwa kuba nkiri ingaragu mba ndimo kwitegura ngo abana banjye bazabeho neza.
Irene Nyambo
