Hashize imyaka irenga 10 nta nzovu, intare cyangwa inkura n’imwe yicirwa mu buryo butemewe muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera, ibintu bifatwa nk’intsinzi ikomeye mu kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima nyuma y’imyaka 15 y’ingamba zihamye, zo kurwanya ubuhigi butemewe.
Imibare ya pariki igaragaza ko izi ngamba zatumye umubare w’inyamaswa nini wikuba inshuri zirenga ebyiri, uva ku 4,476 mu mwaka wa 2010 ugera ku 11,338 mu 2023. Ibi ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by’uko u Rwanda rwageze ku ntsinzi idasanzwe mu kongera kubungabunga inyamaswa zo mu gasozi.
Pariki y’Akagera, ari na yo yonyine yo mu Rwanda igizwe n’urusobe rw’ibimera n’inyamaswa byo mu bibaya (savannah), yigeze kugera habi bitewe n’ubuhigi bukabije bw’abaturage bayituriye, none ubu yahindutse ahantu habungabungiwe ibinyabuzima ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ubuso bwa Pariki y’Akagera bwaragabanyijwe bugera hafi kuri bibiri bya gatatu by’ubwari busanzwe, hagamijwe gutuzamo Abanyarwanda bari bagarutse mu gihugu. Kuri ubu, abaturage barenga ibihumbi 500 batuye ku mipaka yayo, ibintu bikomeza kongera igitutu ku butaka no ku mutungo kamere.
Mu myaka yashize, abaturage benshi babonaga amafaranga aturka ku nyama z’inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, ni ukuvuga bahigaga cyane cyane muri pariki, bituma ubuhigi butemewe bukwira hose.
Abayobozi ba pariki bavuga ko guhindura iyo myumvire bitashobokaga, binyuze gusa mu kongera amarondo y’abarinzi ba pariki.
Umuyobozi ushinzwe gushaka inkunga no gutegura raporo muri Pariki y’Akagera, Jean Paul Karinganire aganira na TNT, yavuze ko intambwe imaze guterwa yaturutse ku marondo ahoraho y’abarinzi ba pariki, gukusanya amakuru y’ibanga ku bahiga mu buryo butemewe, gukuraho imitego, gukaza iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko, kubaka uruzitiro rukikije pariki, gukorana n’abaturage ndetse no guteza imbere ubukerarugendo.
Yagize ati “Abaturage batuye hafi ya pariki bamaze gusobanukirwa ko urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ari umutungo wabo. Binyuze muri gahunda yo gusaranganya amafaranga ava mu bukerarugendo buri mwaka (revenue sharing), hashyirwa mu bikorwa imishinga y’iterambere ibagirira akamaro kandi ikabafungurira amahirwe mashya. Kongera kwiyongera kw’inyamaswa kandi ni umusaruro w’imyaka myinshi yo kurwanya ubuhigi.”
Karinganire avuga ko kugeza mu 2012 abaturage bafashije gukuraho imitego ikoze mu nsinga hafi 2,000 yari yaratezwe muri pariki. Ubu hasigaye haboneka mike cyane buri mwaka, ikimenyetso cy’uko ubuhigi bwagabanutse cyane.
Kubera ko umutekano wiyongereye, byatumye inyamaswa zari zarazimye kubera ubuhigi n’amakimbirane zongera kugarurwa muri pariki. Intare zongeye kugarurwa mu 2015 no mu 2017, inkura z’umukara zigarurwa mu 2017 no mu 2019, naho inkura z’umweru zigarurwa mu 2021 no mu 2025, bituma Akagera yongera kugira inyamaswa nini eshanu zizwi nka ‘Big Five’.
Abahoze bahiga inyamaswa bahinduye imibereho
Mu bafite uruhare mu kurinda pariki muri iki gihe harimo Issa Ntakiyimana wahoze ari umuhigi, ubu akaba ayobora Koperative Tubungabunge Urusobe rw’Ibinyabuzima, ikorera mu Murenge wa Murama mu Karere ka Kayonza.
Nyuma yo kubona bamwe mu bahiganaga na we bahasiga ubuzima mu gihe bari bagiye guhiga mu buryo butemewe, Ntakiyimana yahisemo kubivamo atangira no gushishikariza abandi kubireka.
Mu 2023, we na bagenzi be batanu batangije ubukangurambaga bwo kugera ku rugo ku rundi, basaba abahigi gutanga intwaro n’imitego bakoreshaga. Mu mezi make, abahoze bahiga hafi 60 bari bamaze kwinjira muri icyo gikorwa.
Ntakiyimana yagize ati “Nyuma yo kubigisha no kubasobanurira akamaro ko kurengera ibinyabuzima, twashyikirije ubuyobozi amacumu umunani, imiheto irindwi n’imitego 25 byakoreshwaga mu guhiga imbogo n’impongo.”
Iri tsinda kandi ryakoranye n’abarinzi ba pariki mu gukuramo imitego y’insinga, gusenya aho abahigi bacumbikaga by’agateganyo, ndetse no gukuramo ibikoresho batekeragaho bari barahishe muri pariki.
Kuri ubu, abanyamuryango ba koperative batunzwe n’ubuhinzi aho kuba ubuhigi.
Ubuyobozi bwabageneye hegitari ebyiri zo guhingaho ibihingwa ngandurarugo n’izindi hegitari 30 zo guhinga ikawa. Banashyizeho ikimina cyo kuzigama no kugurizanya amafaranga kibafasha gutangiza imishinga mito y’ubucuruzi.
Ntakiyimana yagize ati “Abaturage batuye hafi ya pariki ubu basobanukiwe akamaro ko kurengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Kubungabunga ibidukikije byabaye inshingano za buri wese, kandi twabyigize ibyacu.”
Ubwiyongere bw’ubukerarugendo
Kongera kwiyongera kw’inyamaswa byatumye n’ubukerarugendo muri Pariki y’Akagera burushaho gutera imbere.
Buri mwaka iyi pariki yakira ba mukerarugendo barenga 51,700 kandi bishyura kugira ngo bayisure, ikinjiza amafaranga arenga Miliyoni eshanu (5) z’Amadolari ya Amerika.
Abakerarugendo b’imbere mu gihugu bangana na 60% by’abayisura bose. Abaturage batuye hafi ya pariki na bo babyungukiramo binyuze mu kubona akazi, amahirwe yo gutanga serivisi n’ibicuruzwa, gusaranganywa amafaranga ava mu bukerarugendo, ndetse n’Ikigega cyihariye gitangwamo 5% cyishyura bamwe mu baturage bangirijwe n’inyamaswa zo muri pariki.
Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera yashinzwe mu 1934. Ubu ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 1,122, ikaba iherereye mu turere twa Kayonza, Gatsibo na Nyagatare mu Burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda.
Iyi pariki ibarizwamo inyamaswa nini eshanu zizwi nka Big Five ari zo Intare, Inkura, Ingwe, Imbogo n’Inzovu, ndetse n’ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima birenga 500, harimo amagana y’ubwoko bw’inyoni.
Ikigo National Geographic, giherutse gushyira Pariki y’Akagera mu hantu 25 ku Isi heza ho gusurwa muri uyu mwaka wa 2026, icyo kigo kikaba cyarabitangaje mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 2025.
Jean Claude Munyantore
