Gushyingira abana bábakobwa ni ukwica ubuzima

Ubukwe bw’abana, aho abakobwa bashyingirwa bakiri bato, ni ikibazo gikomeye kibasiye ibihugu byinshi, cyane cyane muri Afurika, ndetse no mu bindi bice by’isi. Mu buryo bw’umuco, iyi myitwarire ikunze kwitwa ko ari uburyo bwo gushyira mu murongo abakobwa, ariko ukuri ni uko ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwabo, ku burenganzira bwabo, ndetse no ku iterambere ryabo mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Ubukwe bw’abana ni umuhango aho abakobwa bashyingirwa batarageza imyaka 18, kandi akenshi bashobora kuba bafite imyaka 12, 13 cyangwa 14. Uyu muco ukunze gukorerwa mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’Afurika, Aziya, ndetse n’ahandi ku isi. Abakobwa bashyingirwa batinze ku gihe bagira imbogamizi z’ubuzima n’uburenganzira bwabo, aho usanga ubuzima bwabo buba bwahungabanye muri rusange.

Mu bihugu bimwe, ubukwe bw’abana bwemewe n’amategeko cyangwa bukaba bushimangirwa n’imyemerere. Mu buryo bugaragara, abakobwa bashyingirwa bakiri bato bahabwa inshingano nyinshi zituma babura amahirwe yo gukura mu mutwe, kuba no kugira imibereho myiza.

Abakobwa bashyingirwa imburagihe bafite ingaruka nyinshi ku buzima bwabo, harimo izo mu rwego rw’ubuzima bw’imyororokere ndetse n’izikomeye mu bijyanye n’imibereho. Izi ngaruka ziboneka muri ibi bintu:

Kubyara imburagihe

Abakobwa bashyingirwa batinze ku gihe batangira kugira ubushobozi bwo kubyara bakiri bato. Ibi bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye mu gihe cyo kubyara, kuko ibice by’umubiri w’umukobwa bitaba byiteguye neza gukoresha uburyo bwose bwo kubyara. Abana bashyingirwa bakiri bato batakaza ubuzima bwiza bw’imyororokere, ndetse bagahura n’ibyago byinshi birimo guhura n’indwara zitandukanye zituruka ku kwibaruka imburagihe.

Benshi mu bakobwa bashyingirwa bakiri bato bagira ibibazo byo kubura amaraso, kwandura indwara, ndetse bagahura n’ibibazo byo mu nda nk’uko bishobora kugerwaho n’abantu bakuze bashobora guhura na byo igihe cyose cy’ibyorezo.

Indwara zituruka ku kubyara imburagihe

Kubyara ku myaka mike byongera ibyago byo kugira indwara zitandukanye nka komporozi (complications) zo mu gihe cyo kubyara, harimo gutakaza amaraso, kwangirika kw’ibice by’igitsina, n’ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima. Abakobwa b’abashyingiwe bafite ingorane zo kubona ubufasha bwiza mu gihe bibaye ngombwa, bityo bagasigara bafite ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwabo.

Abakobwa bashyingirwa bakiri bato benshi ntibabona amahirwe yo kwiga, ntibagira ubushobozi bwo kwiteza imbere, ndetse bakagwa mu bihombo by’ubuzima. Iyo umukobwa ashyingirwa akiri muto, agerwaho n’ubuzima bubi bwo kuba umubyeyi utarageze ku rwego rw’ubukure, kandi iyo atabona amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere mu masomo cyangwa mu mirimo.

Kubera izi mpamvu, abakobwa bashyingirwa hakiri kare basigara bahangayikishijwe n’imibereho, bagapfusha amahirwe yo kugira imibereho myiza, ndetse bakaba batabasha kuzamura ubuzima bwabo.

Ingaruka ku Buringanzira bw’Abakobwa

Abakobwa bashyingirwa batinze ku gihe bahura n’ibibazo byinshi mu bijyanye no kubura uburenganzira bwabo. Muri ibyo harimo:

Abakobwa bashyingirwa hakiri kare usanga bahomba uburenganzira bwo kwiga no gukura mu mutwe. Mu buryo bwo gushyingirwa, abakobwa batakaza amahirwe yo gukora ubushakashatsi, kwiga, no gufata ibyemezo mu buzima bwabo. Abo bakobwa bibasirwa n’imihango ituma bagera ku mikorere idakwiriye, bigatuma badashobora kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Abakobwa bashyingirwa bakiri bato bakenera uburenganzira bwo gukura mu muryango, no gutekereza ku byiza b’ahazaza habo. Iyo uburenganzira bwabo bwavogerwa, bahura n’ibibazo byinshi byo guhangana n’imibereho mibi.

Abakobwa bashyingirwa bakiri bato bahura n’ingorane nyinshi mu muryango, kuko bashobora kubona ko ibikorwa byose bikorwa ku nyungu z’umugabo, ndetse bakaba batabona uburyo bwo guhanga no gufata ibyemezo. Usanga ibi bigira ingaruka ku uburenganzira bwabo bwo kugira amahoro, ndetse no kubura ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ubuzima.

Impamvu z’ubukwe bw’abana

Ubukwe bw’abana bukorwa kenshi kubera impamvu zishingiye ku imico, imyemerere ya kera, ndetse n’ibibazo by’ubukungu. Bimwe mu bihugu byemera ubwo bukwe bituma abana b’abakobwa bashyingirwa batinze ku gihe mu rwego rwo gutegura abana b’abakobwa kugira ngo babashe kumenya uruhare rwabo mu muryango, no kugira uruhare mu bibazo by’imyitwarire n’uburyo bwo kubana n’abandi.

Ibi bihugu akenshi byita cyane ku gushyiraho imico, cyangwa ku gukurikiza imihango y’ubumwe bw’umuryango, aho umuryango ushyira imbere kurera abakobwa no kubaha ibyiza by’umuryango, aho abagabo bafite uburenganzira bwo kuba basaba abakobwa kugirirwa icyubahiro mu buryo bw’imyitwarire.

Gahunda zo Gukemura ikibazo

Ubukwe bw’abana bukomeje kuba ikibazo ku rwego rw’amahanga, ariko hari gahunda zitandukanye zo kubirwanya:

1. Amategeko n’amabwiriza mpuzamahanga: Icyo twakuramo ni uko ibihugu byinshi byashyizeho amategeko ashyigikira uburenganzira bw’abana, ndetse bigahesha abana amahirwe yo gukura mu muryango no kugira uburenganzira bwo kwiga.
2. Imiryango itegura gahunda yo kurwanya ubukwe bw’abana: Amashuri, imiryango mpuzamahanga, ndetse n’ibigo by’ubukangurambaga bikomeje gukangurira abantu kutemera ubukwe bw’abana.
3. Ubukangurambaga ku bikorwa byo kurwanya ubukwe bw’abana: Kugira ngo abakobwa barusheho kugira amahirwe yo kubaho neza, harakenewe ibikorwa byo kubakangurira no kubigisha ku buzima bwiza n’uburenganzira bwabo.

Mukazayire Youyou