“Ubuzima mu kaga: Umwuka mubi uhitana ubuzima butavugwa”

Mu gihe isi yose ihanganye n’ingaruka z’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, mu Rwanda, ikibazo cy’ubuhumane bw’umwuka kiri mu byo bikomeje gutera impungenge ku buzima rusange. Umwuka duhumeka buri munsi ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’ubuzima, ariko iyo ubuziranenge bwawo bwangiritse, ubuzima bw’abantu benshi bushobora kujya mu kaga.

Umwuka wo mu mijyi uragenda uhinduka mubi

Imibare iherutse gutangazwa n’inzego z’ubuzima igaragaza ko mu mwaka wa 2023 gusa, mu Mujyi wa Kigali honyine, abantu barenga 471,000 bivuje indwara z’ubuhumekero, zikaba zari 9% by’abivuje izo ndwara mu gihugu hose. Ibi byerekana uko ikibazo gifite uburemere bukomeye.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2012 bwerekanye ko abantu barenga 2,200 bapfuye bazize indwara zifitanye isano no guhumeka umwuka wanduye. Uyu mubare ushobora kuba warazamutse cyane mu myaka ikurikiyeho, bitewe n’iyiyongera ry’imodoka, gukata amashyamba, n’ikoreshwa rikabije ry’inkwi n’amakara mu ngo.

Imvano y’ubuhumane: imodoka, inkwi, n’ibishingwe

Ibitera ihumana ry’umwuka mu Rwanda birimo:

• Imyotsi iva mu binyabiziga byinshi bidasuzumwa uko bikwiye.
• Gucana inkwi n’amakara mu ngo nyinshi, cyane cyane mu duce tw’imijyi no mu nkengero zayo.
• Gutwika imyanda n’ibishingwe ku mugaragaro.
• Kugabanuka kw’amashyamba asanzwe akora nka “filteri” y’umwuka mubi.

Ibi byose bituma utubari twa gaze z’angiza nka carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, na particulate matter (PM2.5) twiyongera mu kirere. Iyo umuntu ahumetse izi gaz, bishobora kwangiza ubuhumekero no gutera indwara z’ubuhumekero nk’asma, bronchite, kanseri y’ibihaha, n’izindi ndwara z’amaraso.

Ingaruka ku buzima

Uretse impfu ziterwa n’izi ndwara, ubuhumane bw’umwuka butuma:

• Abana bato barwara asima (asthma) kenshi.
• Abagore batwite bagira ibyago byinshi byo kubyara igihe kitaragera cyangwa abana bafite ibibazo by’ubwonko.
• Abasaza n’abakecuru barushaho korohera gufatwa n’indwara z’ubuhumekero.

Ibi byose bitwara amafaranga menshi mu buvuzi, bigatuma ubukungu bw’umuryango n’igihugu kigira igihombo.

Icyo Leta n’abaturage bakora

Mu guhangana n’iki kibazo, Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije n’inzego zishinzwe ubuzima bashyizeho ingamba zirimo:

• Gutera ibiti mu mijyi no kongera amashyamba mu nkengero z’imijyi.
• Kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’inkwi n’amakara, abaturage bagasabwa gukoresha gaze cyangwa biogas n’izindi ngufu zisubira.
• Kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’imodoka binyuze mu igenzura rya buri mwaka.
• Gukumira gutwika imyanda no guteza imbere uburyo bwiza bwo kuyitwaramo.

Hari kandi ibikorwa nk’“Umunsi mpuzamahanga w’umwuka mwiza”, aho abaturage bibutswa uruhare rwabo mu kurengera umwuka duhumeka.

Uruhare rwa buri wese

Gukemura ikibazo cy’ubuhumane bw’umwuka si inshingano za Leta yonyine. Umuturage wese afite uruhare mu:

• Kudatwika imyanda, ahubwo akayitandukanya neza.
• Gutera ibiti aho bishoboka.
• Guhitamo ingufu zidahumanya nko gukoresha amashyiga ya kijyambere.
• Gushyira imodoka ze mu igenzura ry’imyotsi.

Umwuka duhumeka ni ubuzima. Iyo tuwufashe nk’ikirahure gifite amazi make, dukwiye kuwurinda uko dushoboye. Igihugu cyacu kiri gutera intambwe mu kwiyubaka, ariko iterambere ridashingiye ku buzima bw’abagituye ntacyo ryaba rimaze.

Niba dushaka u Rwanda rw’ejo rufite abaturage bakomeye ku mubiri no mu mutwe, dushobora gutangira none, buri wese agira uruhare ruto ariko rugira ingaruka nziza.

Mukazayire Youyou