Amateka y’Umuganura

Buri wa gatanu wa mbere wa Kanama (ukwezi kwa munani mu mezi ya kinyarwanda), mu Rwanda hizihizwa umunsi w’Umuganura, aho Abanyarwanda basangira ibiryo gakondo birimo amateke, imyumbati, rukacarara (umutsima w’amasaka), ndetse bakanasangira ibinyobwa gakondo birimo urwagwa n’ikigajye, bagasabana bigatinda. Abakuze bavuga ko kwizihiza Umuganura ari ugusigasira umurage w’u Rwanda, bitewe nuko ukubiyemo indangagaciro z’umuco nyarwanda.

Umuganura watangiye kwizihizwa mu kinyejana cya cyenda, hanyuma wongera guhabwa imbaraga n’Umwami Ruganzu II Ndoli (1510-1543), ubwo yabohoraga u Rwanda nyuma y’imyaka irenga 10 ruri mu maboko y’abanyamahanga (Abanyabungo).

Waje kugirwa ihame ridakuka mu kinyejana cya 16 ubwo Umwami Ruganzu II Ndoli yabohoraga u Rwanda, nyuma y’amacakubiri yatumye Umwami Ndahiro Cyamatare yicwa n’ababisha ndetse n’ingoma yarwo, Rwoga, ikanyagwa n’abanyamahanga.

Umuganura wabanzirizwaga n’icyunamo cya Gicurasi, aho Abanyarwanda bibukaga urupfu rwa Cyamatare, hagakurikiraho ibirori bya Kamena bishimira ko habonetse Umutabazi, noneho bigasozwa no kwizihiza Umuganura bashimira Imana ko basubiranye Igihugu n’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda.

Umuhango w’umuganura ni umwe mu mihango yitwaga inzira. Hariho inzira 18 z’ubwiru mu Rwanda mu gihe cy’ingoma ya cyami. Inzira y’umuganura yakorwagamo imihango buri mwaka yari igamije gufasha Abanyarwanda kweza imyaka myinshi Igihugu kikagira uburumbuke. Ni umuhango waheraga Ibwami, Umwami agatanga umuganura bagasangira bishimira umusaruro Igihugu cyejeje, abari bawushinzwe bitwaga Abiru. Wari ufite intego yo kwibutsa Abanyarwanda ko bakwiye kuzirikana ko basangiye Igihugu kimwe, umuco umwe n’indangagaciro zimwe.

Umuganura wizihizwaga ku mwero w’amasaka by’umwihariko wakorerwaga ku mbuto za Gihanga ari zo amasaka, uburo, inzuzi n’isogi. Umunsi mukuru wawo watangiraga muri Kamena, ugasoza muri Nzeri, ugahera i bwami mbere yo gusesekara muri rubanda. Inzira z’ubwiru zari izi zikurikira :

Inzira y’Umuganura, Inzira y’Umuriro, Inzira y’Ubwimika, Inzira y’Ishoora, Inzira y’Urwihisho, Inzira ya Rukungugu, Inzira ya Kivu, Inzira y’Umuhiigo, Inzira y’Inzuki, Inzira ya Muhekenyi, Inzira yo Kwasiira, Inzira yo Kwambika Ingoma, Inzira y’Iinteeko, Inzira y’Inkiko, Inzira y’Ikirogoto, Inzira y’Urugomo.

Izo nzira zari zigizwe  n’urusobe rw’imihango n’imigenzo bifite amategeko agena uko bikorwa mu bihe runaka. Uyu muhango w’Umuganura rero waheraga Ibwami, Umwami agatanga Umuganura bagasangira bishimira umusaruro Igihugu cyejeje.

Baganuzaga Umwami amata, amasaka n’izindi mbuto nkuru ari zo uburo, inzuzi n’isogi ariko bakongeraho n’ibindi byose byabaga byeze muri icyo gihe. Umwami yafataga umwuko agatangiza umuhango wo kuvugira umutsima rubanda baje kuganura, akawuvuga apfukamye yerekana icyubahiro aha abo ayobora ndetse n’Igihugu.

Nyuma y’umuhango wo kuganura hakurikiragaho ibirori by’Umuganura byasozwaga n’igitaramo cy’imihigo. Muri ibyo birori, Umwami yamurikirwaga umusaruro unyuranye w’Abanyarwanda bavuye impande zose z’Igihugu, hakaba amarushanwa y’indashyikirwa. Kuri uwo munsi kandi, imiryango nayo yarateranaga maze umutware w’umuryango akayobora imihango n’ibirori byayikurikiraga.

Cyari ikintu gikomeye bagombaga guhora bazirikana ngo batazongera guteshuka kuri iryo hame shingiro ry’uko bahuje byose: Inkomoko imwe, Igihugu kimwe, amahame-remezo gishingiyeho n’indangagaciro zigize umuco.

Uko ubu Umuganura wizihizwa, ufatwa nk’umunsi ukomeye ku Banyarwanda wo kwishimira ibyagezweho, kwisuzuma no kureba ibitaragenze neza, guhigira imyaka itaha n’ubusabane bw’abayobozi n’abayoborwa. Kwizihiza Umuganura kandi byarenze imbibi zo kwita ku musaruro w’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi gusa, ahubwo byanageze mu nzego zireba ubuzima n’iterambere by’Abanyarwanda mu kugaragaza urugendo rw’Abanyarwanda rwo kwigira no kwibohora nyako.

Umuganura wizihizwa hishimirwa umusaruro wagezweho mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo ubuzima, ubukerarugendo, ikoranabuhanga, inganda, uburezi, ubucuruzi n’ibindi. Muri uyu mwaka wa 2025, Umuganura uzizihizwa tariki ya 1 Kanama 2025, ku nsanganyamatsiko igira iti “Umuganura isoko y’ubumwe n’ishingiro ryo kwigira”, ibirori byo kuwizihiza ku rwego rw’Igihugu bikazabera mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru mu Karere ka Musanze.

Muzagire umuganura mwiza

Titi Léopold